Njengoko iingxoxo malunga nolawulo lwemipu kunye namalungelo ompu ziqhubeleka kwihlabathi jikelele, amazwe ajongana nobunzima bolawulo lwemipu ngeendlela ezibonisa iinkcubeko zawo ezizodwa, iimbali, kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokhuseleko loluntu. I-China igcina eyona migaqo ingqongqo yemipu kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa amazwe afana ne-United States, iKhanada, iSwitzerland, ne-Australia ajongana nolawulo lwemipu kunye namalungelo obunini ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kubanikazi bemipu abanoxanduva kunye nabanomdla, enye ihlala ibalulekile kwihlabathi jikelele: imfuno yokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo, izisombululo eziphezulu zokugcina, njengeemipu ze-aluminium, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imipu iyathuthwa kwaye igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLawulo lwemipu kunye namaxabiso obunini bemipu
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano ephathelele imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula imipu idla ngokugxila kukulungelelana phakathi kwamalungelo omntu nokhuseleko loluntu, ingakumbi kumazwe apho ukuphatha imipu kusemthethweni phantsi kwemigaqo ethile. Nalu ujongo kumalungelo ompu, ukuba semthethweni kokuphatha imipu, kunye namazinga obunini bemipu kumazwe athile anemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukileyo:
Amazwe Amanyene
I-United States inelona nqanaba liphezulu lobunini bemipu emhlabeni jikelele, malunga nemipu eyi-120.5 kubantu abali-100. IsiHlomelo seSibini sikhusela ilungelo lokuthwala izixhobo, kwaye ngelixa ilizwe ngalinye linemimiselo yalo, amazwe amaninzi avumela ukuba zombini iinqwelo ezivulekileyo nezifihliweyo zinemvume. Le nkululeko iye yavusa iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nokuhlolwa kwemvelaphi, amaxesha okulinda, kunye nezithintelo kwizixhobo zohlaselo.
Khanada
ICanada ithatha indlela engqongqo ngakumbi kulawulo lwemipu. Bonke abanini bemipu kufuneka bafumane iilayisensi, kwaye imipu ethile ibekelwe imiqathango engqongqo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngelixa ubunini bompu busemthethweni, iCanada inemipu emalunga nama-34.7 ngabantu abali-100. Ukuthwala imipu akuvumelekanga ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kweenjongo ezithile zokuzingela kunye nezemidlalo, kwaye ukuzikhusela ayisosizathu esamkelekileyo sobunini.
Swizalend
ISwitzerland inesimo esikhethekileyo ngenxa yenkonzo yayo yasemkhosini enyanzelekileyo, apho abemi abaninzi bagcina imipu emva kwenkonzo. Ubunini bemipu busemthethweni ngemigaqo engqongqo, kwaye iSwitzerland inezinga lobunini bemipu elimalunga nama-27.6 emipu kubantu abali-100. Umthetho waseSwitzerland uvumela ukuba imipu igcinwe ekhaya, kodwa ukuphatha imipu esidlangalaleni akuvumelekanga ngaphandle kwelayisensi ekhethekileyo.
Ostreliya
Amanyathelo eOstreliya angqongqo okulawula imipu aphunyezwa emva kwendyikityha yokufa yasePort Arthur ngowe-1996. Phantsi kweSivumelwano seSizwe seMipu, ubunini bemipu bulawulwa kakhulu, ngesantya esiqikelelwayo semipu eli-14.5 kubantu abali-100. Ukuthwala imipu kuthintelwe kakhulu kwaye kuvumeleke kuphela ngeenjongo ezithile zobungcali. Imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yaseOstreliya iye yanciphisa ngempumelelo iziganeko ezinxulumene nemipu, iqaqambisa impembelelo enokubakho yolawulo olungqongqo lwemipu.
Finlend
I-Finland inamazinga aphezulu okuba ngabanini bemipu kwi-32.4 yezibhamu kubantu abali-100, ngokukodwa ukuzingela kunye nemidlalo. Iilayisensi ziyafuneka, kwaye abemi kufuneka baphumelele ukujonga imvelaphi, kubandakanywa novavanyo lwezempilo, ukuba babe nompu. Ukuthwala imipu ngokuphandle akuvumelekanga, kodwa abanini bamaphepha-mvume banokuyithwala bayise kwiindawo ezigunyazisiweyo ezifana neendawo zokudubula.
Sirayeli
Ngokumalunga ne-6.7 izibhamu kubantu be-100, i-Israel inemimiselo engqongqo malunga nokuba ngubani onokuthi aphathe imipu, kunye neemvume ezinikezelwa kuphela kulabo abaneemfuno ezithile zobugcisa, njengabasebenzi bokhuseleko okanye abahlali kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ngelixa ubunini bemipu buvunyelwe, ugxininiso lukaSirayeli kukhuseleko loluntu luqinisekisa ukuba kuphela linani eliqingqiweyo labantu abafanelekileyo ukuba baphathe imipu.
Ukubaluleka koKhuseleko lokuGcinwa koMpu
Nokuba ilizwe lithini na ekulawuleni imipu, enye inkalo emanyanisa abanini bemipu kwihlabathi jikelele sisidingo sogcino olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imipu igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi, nokukhusela isidima sezixhobo. Umgangatho ophezuluimipu ye-aluminiumbonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kulo mba:
1.Ukomelezwa koKuhlala ixesha elide: Iimeko zeAluminiyam zakhiwe ukuba zihlale, zinika igobolondo elomeleleyo elichasayo impembelelo kwaye likhusela imipu ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokungafaniyo neemeko zeplastiki okanye zelaphu, iimeko ze-aluminiyam zomelela kakhulu kwaye zimelana nokuphathwa kakubi, zibenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubazingeli, ukuthotyelwa komthetho, kunye nabathandi bemipu.
2.IMozulu kunye noKunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Iimeko zemipu ye-aluminiyam zikhusela imipu kwizinto ezisingqongileyo, ezifana nokufuma kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, anokonakalisa iindawo zentsimbi kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwesixhobo. Kubanikazi bemipu kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa rhoqo, iimeko ze-aluminium zibonelela ngezinga lokukhusela elinceda ukugcina imipu yabo ngexesha.
3.Iimpawu zoKhuseleko ezilungiselelweyo: Iimeko ezininzi zemipu ye-aluminiyam zibonelela ngeendlela ezongezelelekileyo zokutshixa, kubandakanywa izitshixo ezidityanisiweyo okanye iiklaphu ezomeleziweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imipu ihlala ikhuselekile kwaye ingafikeleleki kubantu abangagunyaziswanga. Olu khuseleko lubalulekile kumakhaya anabantwana okanye xa uthutha imipu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye zabucala.
4.Imbonakalo yobuNgcali: Kwabo basebenzisa imipu njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wabo, njengamagosa ogcino-mthetho okanye abezokhuseleko, iiprojekthi zetyala lompu we-aluminiyam zibonakalisa ubungcali noxanduva. Imbonakalo epholileyo kunye nepholisiweyo yecala le-aluminium ibonisa ukubaluleka kokugcina nokukhusela izixhobo ezixabisekileyo ezinjalo.
Ukulungelelanisa amaLungelo kunye noXanduva
Njengoko amazwe ehlabathini lonke eqhubeka nokuvavanya amalungelo abantu ngenkxalabo ebanzi yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, abanini bemipu ababeka phambili ukuphatha nokugcina imipu ngenkathalo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwincoko. Ugcino olululo, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo, lubonisa ukuvuma ubungozi obunokubakho obunxulumene nemipu. Amatyala emipu yeAluminiyam ayisiso isisombululo esisebenzayo kuphela kodwa ikwasebenza njengengxelo yokuzibophelela kukhuseleko kunye nobunini obunoxanduva.
Ukuququmbela
Nokuba uhlala kwilizwe elinemithetho engqongqo yobunini bemipu okanye elinemigaqo engqongqo, ugcino olukhuselekileyo yinto ephambili ekwabelwana ngayo engaphaya kwemida. Kubanikazi bemipu abafuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo, oluhlala ixesha elide kwimipu yabo,imipu ye-aluminiumbonelela ngokhetho olusebenzayo, oluhlala luhleli, kunye nolwengcali. Abangaphezulu nje kwesikhongozeli; bazinikele kuxanduva, ukhuseleko, kunye nentlonipho kumalungelo nemimiselo elawula ukusetyenziswa kwemipu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-29-2024