Kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunye namashishini amaninzi, sihlala singqongwe ziimveliso ezenziwe kwintsimbi okanye kwi-aluminium. Ukusuka kwi-shycycries ye-shycycrapes ebiyela izixeko zethu kwiimoto esiqhuba kwaye iitoti ezibambe iziselo ezithandekayo, ezi zinto zimbini zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa xa kufikwa ekukhetheni phakathi kwentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium yesicelo esithile, isigqibo sinokuba kude kakhulu ekuchani. Masiqalise ukuhlolisisa okucacileyo ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele iimfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium: intshayelelo
Intsimbi
Intsimbi yi-alloy ikakhulu idityaniswe yintsimbi kunye nekhabhoni. Umxholo wekhabhoni, oqhelekileyo osusela kwi-0.2% ukuya kwi-2.1% ngokobunzima, unempembelelo ikakhulu.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zentsimbi. Umzekelo wekhabhoni, umzekelo, uyaziwa ngamandla ayo kunye nokufikeleleka. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni. Kwelinye icala lensimbi, kwelinye icala, inezinto ezifana neManganese, iChromium, okanye i-nickel yongeza ukonyusa iipropathi ezithile ezifana nobunzima, ubunzima, okanye ukumelana nokunganyangeki. Cinga nge-I-Imiqadi esetyenziswayo ekwakhiweni kokwakha okanye izinto ezinganyangekiyo - izitoli zensimbi kwikhitshi lakho - ezi zonke iimveliso zentsimbi.
I-aluminium
I-Aluminium sisinyithi esincinci esiyintabalala emhlabeni. Ihlala ifumaneka kwi-bauxite ore kwaye ifuna inani elikhulu lamandla okukhupha.I-Aluminium kwifom yayo ecocekileyo ithambile, kodwa xa yabelwa ngezinto ezinje ngobhedu, i-magnesium, okanye i-zinc, iba namandla kakhulu. I-ALTIMIS EALUMIUM ALLYS ibandakanya i-6061, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokusetyenziswa kweenjongo ezingama-70 kunye nama-7075, eyaziwa ngamandla ayo aphezulu kwaye ahlala esetyenziswa kwiindawo ze-aerospace. Jonga ngeenxa zonke, kwaye uyakubona i-aluminium kwizinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana ne-cans, i-Window Frames, nakwi-elektroniki eziphezulu.
Ipropathi yepropathi yomzimba
Ukuxinana
Olunye lomahluko omkhulu phakathi kwentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium kukuxinana kwazo. Intsimbi eqhelekileyo inoxinano lwe-7.85 grams kwisentimitha nganye. Ngokwahlukileyo, uxinano luka-Aluminium luba malunga ne-2.7 grams kwisentimitha nganye. Umahluko obalulekileyo wenza ialuminium kakhulu. Kumzi-mveliso wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, umzekelo, zonke iikhilografi zokunciphisa ubunzima zinokukhokelela kwi-piential yepetroli ngaphezulu kwe-pustile yenqwelomoya. Yiyo loo nto i-aluminium yindawo yokhetho lokukhetha ukwakha amaqhekeza namaphiko akhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo apho ubunzima obungabi yinkxalabo, kwaye uzinzo ngenxa yokuba nobunzima buyafuneka, njengakwezinye iintlobo zoomatshini abasebenza ngokwamashishini okanye iziseko zezakhiwo eziphezulu, ukuxinana kwentsimbi yentsimbi kunokuba yinzuzo.
Amandla
Intsimbi idume ngamandla ayo aphezulu. I-Stenon ye-carbon ye-carbon kunye ne-alloy steels inokufikelela amandla aphezulu e-thensile, ngokuzinzileyo okubenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwengqibelelo enzima ebaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, iibhulorho ezinqunyanyisiweyo ezazisa iindlela zamanzi eziphezulu kwintambo kunye neebhulethi zokumelana nobunzima bezithuthi kunye nemikhosi yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwabenza babe nezeli enkulu. Ezinye ze-altinum eziphakamileyo, ezinjengezo zisetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, zinokubamba amandla - ukuya-umyinge wobunzima bezibakala ezithile. Kwishishini le-AutoMotive, i-Aluminium iya kusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zomzimba ukunciphisa ubunzima ngelixa igcina imigangatho yokhuseleko, njengeenkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-Allod iphucule amandla okuba amandla.
Ukuqhubela phambili
Xa kufikwa kumbane kunye nokuqhutywa kwe-thermal, i-alumininum theine yentsimbi. I-Aluminiyam ngumqhubi othunyelweyo wombane, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimigca yokuhambisa amandla. Inika ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kwengqondo nexabiso, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nabaqhubi bexabiso eliphantsi ngobhedu. Ngokwendlela yokuqhubela phambili kwe-suminium, amandla ka-Aluminium ukudlulisela ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukhetho oluthandwayo lobushushu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki. Umzekelo, amantshontsho okupholisa kwi-CPU yekhompyuter ahlala yenziwa nge-Aluminium Alloy yokutshisa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu kwaye kuthintele ukugqitha kakhulu. Intsimbi, ngelixa inokuqhuba umbane kunye nobushushu, yenza njalo ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, lenza ilungele izicelo apho impumelelo ephezulu ibalulekile.
Iipropathi zeekhemikhali: Ukujonga kufutshane
Ukunganyangeki
Intsimbi inesithende se-achilles xa ifikile. Phambi kweoksijini kunye nokufuma, intsimbi ngokulula iphantsi kwe-oxidation, ukwenza i-rust. Oku kunokwenza buthathaka indawo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukulwa oku, amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okhuselo aqashiwe, njengokupeyinta, ukumbandela (ukungqengqa (ukuhlambela nge-zinc), okanye ukusebenzisa intsimbi engenasitali, equlethe i-chromium equlethe ungqimba oluyingozi. IAluminiyam, kwelinye icala, inenzuzo yendalo. Xa ityhilwe kumoya, yenza i-suble, incinci ye-ox emnyama kumphezulu wayo. Lo mmandla usebenza njengomqobo, ukuthintela i-oxidation enye kunye nokusula. Oku kwenza i-aluminium efanelekileyo kakhulu kwizicelo zangaphandle, ezifana neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni apho umoya wetyuwa unokuthoba. Umzekelo, iingcingo ze-aluminium kunye nefenitshala engaphandle inokumelana iminyaka yokuvezwa kwezinto ngaphandle kokhuphiswano olubalulekileyo.
Ukulahla inkundla
I-aluminium yintsimbi esebenzayo. Kwiimeko ezithile, inokusabela ngamandla, ngakumbi ii-asidi. Nangona kunjalo, ungqameko olukhuselekileyo lwe-onude oxide owenza phezu komphezulu wayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kuthintela imeko yokuphendula. Kwiinkqubo ezithile zeshishini, ukuphinda kwenziwe i-aluminium kunokwenziwa. Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni kweekhemikhali ezithile, i-aluminium inokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokunciphisa. Intsimbi, ngokuthelekisa, ayisebenzi kakuhle phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye iindawo ezisisiseko ze-acidic / ezisisiseko, zinokuphendula izinto zekhemikhali ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukuthembeka kwayo. Umzekelo, kwezinye izityalo zekhemikhali, amabakala awodwa ensimbi kufuneka axhathise iziphumo ezinobunzima beekhemikhali ezinzima.
Uthelekiso lwendlela yokusebenza
Ukwenza kunye nokulungiswa
Insimbi ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhetho. Ukuqunjelwa yindlela eqhelekileyo apho isinyithi sishushu kwaye sakhiwe ngokusebenzisa amandla oxinzelelo.Oku kulungele ukwenza iindawo ezomeleleyo nezintsonkothileyo, njengee-crankshafts kwiinjini. Ukuntywila kwenye inkqubo apho intsimbi idluliselwe khona ngentambo ukuvelisa amashiti, iipleyiti, okanye iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo. I-AutoMotive Ishishini lihlala lisebenzisa isitampu, uhlobo lwenkqubo yokwenzakala ebandayo, ukudala iiphaneli zomzimba wemoto kwiimapries zensimbi. I-Aluminiyam ikwanokungabi lula kwaye inokwenziwa ngokulula. Ukuphuma yinkqubo ethandwayo ye-aluminium, apho intsimbi inyanzeliswa ngokufa ukwenza iimilo ezide nezingafaniyo. Le yindlela ezenziwe ngayo iifreyimu ze-aluminium. Ukuphoswa kokutya kuthathwa ngokubanzi kwi-Aluminiyam, ukunika imveliso yezinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye neenkcukacha, ezinje ngeebhloko zeenjini kwiimoto ezininzi zanamhlanje.
Umsebenzi we-welding
I-welding Steel inokuba yinkqubo enzima. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zensimbi yensimbi ye-welding ye-welding kunye nezixhobo zefilitha. Umzekelo, intsimbi yekharbon inokwenziwa i-welding kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinje nge-arc welding, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko, onokwenza buthathaka ukudityaniswa kwe-hydrogen, enokulwenza buthathaka ukudityaniswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngenxa yezinto zayo zolwalelo, intsimbi engenasibala inokufuna i-electrodes ekhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-wels enganyangekiyo nenganyangekiyo. Kwelinye icala, i-alminum ye-ilding inikezela ngobunzima bayo. I-Aluminiyam inomgangatho ophezulu wokuphumelela, okuthetha ukuba ihluthwe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Oku kufuna igalelo eliphezulu lobushushu kunye nezixhobo ze-welding ze-welding, ezinje ngerhasi ye-tungsten (i-tig) yerhasi ye-welding okanye i-geg) ye-geling (i-mig) ye-welding. Ngapha koko, ungqwazisi we-oxide kwi-aluminium kufuneka isuswe ngaphambi kokuba i-welding iqinisekise ukuba kuqinisekiswe iqhina elifanelekileyo.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko
Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo
Ixabiso lensimbi lizinzile. I-Iron Ore, eyona nto iphambili kwimveliso yentsimbi, ininzi kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ixabiso lokumbiwa kunye nokwenza i-iron yentsimbi, kunye nenkqubo elula yokuguqula ibe yintsimbi, inegalelo kukufikeleleka kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminium inenkqubo entsonkothileyo nenamandla. I-Bauxite ore kufuneka ihlaziywe kwi-Alwemina, kwaye emva koko i-electrolysis isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-aluminium ecocekileyo. Le mfuno iphakamileyo yamandla, kunye neendleko zokumbiwa kunye nokucoca i-bauxite, ngokubanzi yenza iindleko zokuthintela i-aluminium ngaphezulu kuneso sensimbi.
Ukulungisa iindleko
Iinkqubo zokwenza intsimbi kwaye ezixhaphakileyo zithetha ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, iindleko zokulungisa zinokuba sezantsi, ngakumbi kwimveliso yamakhulu amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimilo ezintsonkothileyo okanye ukwenziwa kwendlela ekuchaneka kakhulu kuyafuneka, iindleko zinokwanda kakhulu. Kweminye imiba, ukulungiswa kwe-aluminium kunokubabiza kakhulu. Nangona kulula ukwenza iimilo ezintsonkothileyo, imfuno yezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zeenkqubo ezifana ne-ilding inokuqhuba iindleko. Umzekelo, ukumisela umgca wokukhupha i-aluminium kufuna utyalomali olukhulu kwizixhobo nakwizixhobo.
Ixabiso leendleko ngokubanzi
Xa ujonga iindleko zonke, ayikho malunga nezinto eziluhlaza kunye neendleko zokulungisa. Iimfuno zobomi kunye nezolondolozo zemveliso yokugqibela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, isakhiwo sensimbi sinokufuna ukupeyinta rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kokuthintela ukuvela, okongeza kwixabiso lexesha elide. Ulwakhiwo lwe-aluminium, kunye nokunganyangeki komzimba okungcono, kunokuba neendleko eziphantsi zokulungisa ixesha. Kwezinye izicelo, njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu semizi-mveliso, izixhobo eziphantsi eziluhlaza kunye neendleko zokwenza intsimbi zinokwenza ukuba indleko kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengakwimveliso ye-elektroniki ephelileyo, apho ukukhanya kwe-alcosion fit kunye ne-corrosion-coltional ye-aluminium zilungisa iindleko eziphezulu, ialuminiyam inokuba lukhetho olukhethwayo.
Izicelo ezahlukileyo
Ifildi yokwakha
Kumzi-mveliso wokwakha, intsimbi yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Amandla ayo aphezulu kunye nomthamo ophethe umthwalo kuyenza ingabalulekanga ekwakheni iifreyimu zokwesiza kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zorhwebo. Imingxunya yentsimbi kunye neekholamu zinokuxhasa izixa ezikhulu zobunzima, zivumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde nezivulekileyo. Iibhulorho nazo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwintsimbi. Iibhlorho zokumiswa, kunye neendawo zabo ezinde, zisebenzisa iintambo zentsimbi kunye netrasti ukuhambisa umthwalo. Ngokuchasene noko, ialuminiyam ihlala isetyenziselwa izicelo zobuhle kunye nezicelo ezilula. Iifestile ze-aluminium kunye neengcango zithandwa ngenxa yembonakalo yale mihla, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokunganyangeki konyango. Iindonga ze-Aluminium ze-Aluminium zinokunika izakhiwo i-Land kunye nexesha lokujonga ixesha elide ngelixa incinci, inciphisa umthwalo kwisakhiwo sesakhiwo.
Ishishini le-Automotive
Intsimbi ide ibe yeyona nto iphambili kumzi-mveliso wemoto. Isetyenziswe kwi-chassis, izakhelo zomzimba, kunye nezinto ezininzi zoomatshini ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ngokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ishishini lihamba ukuya kwizithuthi ezisebenza kakuhle, i-aluminium iya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-Aluminiyam isetyenziswa kwiibhloko zenjini, ezinciphisa ubunzima beenjini kwaye, ziphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha. Ikwasetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiiphaneli zomzimba ukunciphisa ubunzima bemoto ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokuncama ukhuseleko, njengoko izabelo ze-Alutium zale mihla zinokubonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko.
Intsimi ye-Aerospace
Intsimbi ide ibe yeyona nto iphambili kumzi-mveliso wemoto. Isetyenziswe kwi-chassis, izakhelo zomzimba, kunye nezinto ezininzi zoomatshini ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ngokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ishishini lihamba ukuya kwizithuthi ezisebenza kakuhle, i-aluminium iya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-Aluminiyam isetyenziswa kwiibhloko zenjini, ezinciphisa ubunzima beenjini kwaye, ziphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha. Ikwasetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiiphaneli zomzimba ukunciphisa ubunzima bemoto ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokuncama ukhuseleko, njengoko izabelo ze-Alutium zale mihla zinokubonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko.
Sebenzisa intsimi yemihla ngemihla
Kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, sisoloko sifika kuzo zombini iimveliso zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium. Intsimbi isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwikhitshi lasekhitshini, apho ubunzima bayo kunye neepropathi zokugcina amanzi zixatyiswa kakhulu. Ifanitshala eyenziwe ngentsimbi, ezinje ngezitulo zensimbi kunye neetafile, zinokuzomelela kwaye zenziwe ngefashoni. Kwelinye icala, i-aluminium inokufumaneka kwizinto ezinjenge-KighweawawawawaWawaway ekhanyayo, eyabetha ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo. Izixhobo ze-elektroniki, ezinje ngee-leetops kunye neepilisi, zihlala zinamatyala ama-Aluminium ngenxa yokulala, uyilo olukhanyayo, kunye neepropathi zokulimaza ubushushu.
Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo
Ukukhetha ngokweemfuno zomsebenzi
Ukuba ufuna umbandela onamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo esinengxakini, intsimbi mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Umzekelo, kwindawo enkulu yendawo yokuhlala apho oomatshini abanzima baya kugcinwa, imiqadi yentsimbi inokubonelela ngenkxaso eyimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukunciphisa ubunzima yinto ephambili ephambili, njengakwisixhobo se-elektroniki esiphathwayo okanye inqwelo moya, ukuxinana kuka-Aluminium kwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngakumbi. Xa kufikwa kuqeqesho, ukuba usebenza kwisicelo sombane okanye i-thermal, ialuminiyam kufuneka iqwalaselwe okokuqala.
Ukukhetha ngokweendleko zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali
Kwiiprojekthi ezinohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olulinganiselweyo, intsimbi inokuba lolona khetho loqoqosho ngakumbi, ngakumbi ithathele ingqalelo iindleko zayo ezisezantsi zexabiso kunye neendleko zokwenza izinto eziphantsi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unako ukufumana iindleko eziphezulu zexabiso kwaye ujonge imali eninzi ngokubhekisele kulondolozo kunye nokusebenza, ialuminium inokuba lutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, kwindawo engaselunxwemeni apho i-cotion ixhala kakhulu, ulwakhiwo lwe-aluminium lunokuxabisa ngakumbi kodwa luya kusindisa imali kwixesha elide ngenxa yokunganyangeki.
Ukukhetha ngokwemeko yesicelo
Kwizicelo zangaphandle, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobunzima, ukuxhathisa kuka-Aluminium kunika ithuba. Umzekelo, imiqondiso engaphandle okanye izibonda zokukhanya ezenziwe nge-aluminium ziya kuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokugculelwa. Kwiqondo lophuhliso eliphezulu lemizi-mveliso, njengakwisiseko sentsimbi okanye i-boiler yesityalo, amandla ensimbi yokumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo kuyenza ibe yinto ekhethiweyo.
Ukuqukumbela, umbuzo wobudala wokuba intsimbi okanye i-aluminium ingcono ayinayo impendulo yendalo iphela. Zombini ezi nto zineseti yazo eyabo yepropathi, izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Ngokujonga ngenyameko iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yakho, nokuba yinto yokusebenza, iindleko, okanye izinto ezithile-zisebenzisa isicelo, unokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi. Singathanda ukuva ngamava akho ekukhetheni phakathi kwentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium. Nceda wabelane ngeengcinga zakho kwizimvo ezingezantsi!
IXESHA LOKUQALA: NgoFebruwari-17-2025
