Xa ukhetha izinto zokwakha, ukuvelisa, okanye iiprojekthi ze-DIY, i-aluminium kunye nentsimbi engenasici zimbini zezona zintsimbi zidumileyo. Kodwa yintoni kanye ezahlulayo? Nokuba uyinjineli, unomdla wokuzilibazisa, okanye unomdla nje wokwazi, ukuqonda umahluko wabo kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo. Kule bhlog, siza kudiliza iipropathi zabo, izicelo, iindleko, kunye nokunye-ixhaswa yimithombo yeengcali-ukukunceda ukhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
1. Ukwakheka: Zenziwe Ngantoni?
Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwe-aluminiyam kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo ilele ekwenziweni kwazo.
Aluminiyamyintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, eyisilivere-mhlophe efumaneka kuqweqwe loMhlaba. I-aluminiyam ecocekileyo ithambile, ngoko ihlala idityaniswa nezinto ezinje ngobhedu, imagnesium, okanye isilicon ukomeleza amandla. Ngokomzekelo, i-alloy ye-6061 esetyenziswa ngokubanzi iqulethe i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayoyintsimbi esekwe kwialloyi equlathe ubuncinci i-10.5% yechromium, eyenza umaleko weoksidi yokwenziwa ukuxhathisa ukubola.. Amabakala aqhelekileyo afana ne-304 yensimbi engenasici iquka i-nickel kunye nekhabhoni.
2. Amandla kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide
Iimfuno zamandla ziyahluka ngokwesicelo, ngoko ke makhe sithelekise iimpawu zabo zomatshini.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo:
Intsimbi engatyiwayo yomelele kakhulu kune-aluminiyam, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umzekelo, ibakala 304 intsimbi stainless ine-tensile amandla ~ 505 MPa, xa kuthelekiswa 6061 aluminiyam ~ 310 MPa.
Aluminiyam:
Ngelixa incinci inamandla ngomthamo, i-aluminiyam inomlinganiselo ongcono wamandla ukuya kubunzima. Oku kuyenza igqibelele kumacandelo e-aerospace (njengezakhelo zenqwelomoya) kunye nemizi-mveliso yezothutho apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile.
Ke, intsimbi engatyiwa yomelele iyonke, kodwa i-aluminiyam iyagqwesa xa amandla alula.
3. Ukuchasa ukuMdla
Zombini iintsimbi zixhathisa ukubola, kodwa iindlela zazo zohlukile.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo:
I-Chromium kwintsimbi engatyiwayo idibana neoksijini ukuze yenze umaleko okhuselayo wechromium oxide. Lo maleko uziphilisa ngawo ukhusela umhlwa, nokuba ukrwele. Amabanga afana ne-316 yensimbi engenasici yongeza i-molybdenum yokumelana okungaphezulu kwamanzi etyuwa kunye neekhemikhali.
Aluminiyam:
I-aluminiyam ngokwemvelo yenza umaleko obhityileyo we-oxide, ukuwukhusela kwi-oxidation. Nangona kunjalo, ityekele kwi-galvanic corrosion xa idityaniswe nesinyithi esahlukileyo kwiindawo ezifumileyo. I-Anodizing okanye i-coatings inokunyusa ukuchasana kwayo.
Ke, intsimbi engenastainless inika ukuxhathisa umhlwa ngakumbi, ngelixa i-aluminiyam ifuna unyango olukhuselayo kwiimeko ezinzima.
4. Ubunzima: I-Aluminiyam iphumelele kwizicelo eziKhala
Ubuninzi be-aluminiyam bumalunga ne-2.7 g/cm³, ngaphantsi kwesithathu sentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-8 g/cm³,ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu.
·Iinqwelomoya kunye neenxalenye zeemoto
·Izinto zombane eziphathwayo (umz., iilaptops)
·Impahla yabathengi njengebhayisekile kunye nezixhobo zokukhempisha
I-heft yensimbi engenasici yinzuzo kwizicelo ezifuna uzinzo, njengoomatshini boshishino okanye inkxaso yezokwakha.
5. I-Thermal kunye ne-Electric Conductivity
I-Thermal Conductivity:
Ialuminiyam iqhuba ubushushu obuyi-3x ngcono kunentsimbi engatyiwa, iyenza ilungele izinki zobushushu, izixhobo zokupheka, kunye neenkqubo zeHVAC.
Ukuqhutywa koMbane:
I-Aluminiyam isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintambo zamandla kunye neentambo zombane ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu (61% yobhedu). Insimbi engenasici yi-conductor engalunganga kwaye ayifane isetyenziswe kwizicelo zombane.
6. Uthelekiso lweendleko
Aluminiyam:
Ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso eliphantsi kunentsimbi engenasici, kunye namaxabiso atshintshayo ngokusekelwe kwiindleko zamandla (imveliso ye-aluminiyam inamandla kakhulu). Ukusukela ngo-2023, i-aluminiyam ixabisa ~$2,500 ngetoni ye-metric nganye.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo:
Ixabiso elithe kratya ngenxa yezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nechromium kunye nenickel. IBanga lama-304 i-avareji yentsimbi engenastainless ~$3,000 ngetoni yemetriki nganye.
Ingcebiso:Kwiiprojekthi ezilungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali apho ubunzima bubalulekile, khetha i-aluminium. Ubomi obude kwiindawo ezirhabaxa, intsimbi engenastainless ingathethelela ixabiso eliphezulu.
7. Ubutshixo kunye noKwakha
Aluminiyam:
Ithambile kwaye kulula ukuyisika, ukugoba, okanye ukuyikhupha. Ilungele imilo enzima kunye neprototyping ekhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, inokutshiza izixhobo ngenxa yendawo yayo ephantsi yokunyibilika.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo:
Kunzima ngakumbi kumatshini, kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezantya ezicothayo. Nangona kunjalo, ibambe iimilo ezichanekileyo kwaye igqibe kakuhle, ifanele izixhobo zonyango okanye iinkcukacha zoyilo.
I-welding, insimbi engenasici idinga i-inert gas shielding (TIG / MIG), ngelixa i-aluminium ifuna ukuphathwa okunamava ukuphepha ukulwa.
8. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kweAluminiyam:
·I-Aerospace (iifuselage zeenqwelomoya)
·Ukupakishwa (iitoti, ifoyile)
·Ulwakhiwo (iifestile zefestile, ukuphahla)
·Ezothutho (iimoto, iinqanawa)
Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engatyiwa:
·Izixhobo zonyango
·Izixhobo zasekhitshini (iisinki, izixhobo zokusika)
·Amatanki okulungisa imichiza
·Izixhobo zaselwandle (izifakelo zesikhephe)
9. Uzinzo kunye nokuRisayikilishwa
Zombini iintsimbi ziyi-100% ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe:
·Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-aluminiyam konga i-95% yamandla afunekayo kwimveliso yokuqala.
Ukuqukumbela: Yiyiphi Omele Uyikhethe?
Khetha iAluminiyam Ukuba:
·Udinga imathiriyeli ekhaphukhaphu, enexabiso eliphantsi.
·I-Thermal / conductivity yombane ibalulekile.
·Iprojekthi ayibandakanyi uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo okanye imeko-bume ezonakalisayo.
Khetha iStainless Steel Ukuba:
·Amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola zizinto eziphambili eziphambili.
·Isicelo sibandakanya amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye iikhemikhali ezinzima.
·Isibheno sobuhle (umz., ukugqibezela okukhazimlisiweyo) kuyabaluleka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-25-2025
